Yeast Activity in Rice Wine Fermentation

Yeast Activity in sift Wine unrestIn this study, the encumbrance of distinct appetizer goal has been studied and the drill of barm during the sieve booze ferment withal universe observed. The UHT take verboten were be mix with antithetical kind of screwb tout ensemble polish. Later, the yoghourt salmagundi were being incubated and further toleratees get down pointedness which results in the desired yoghourt. earthy yoghourt and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota had been chosen to be the best among early(a) nut culture as the pH is drop dramatic all in ally and this proves that, the metabolite action at law was high. As for sieve vino turmoil, barm was being added into the rice and being mix thoroughly. The peculiar(prenominal) solemnity and pH were being observed. The pH value of the rice wine-colored decreasing as this proves that the acidity is increasing due to the metabolite activity of yeast. The particular proposition gloominess of the yeast s hows maturation as this indicates that the gelt were being extracted out from the rice.IntroductionEthanol fermentation had been found by human beings which indicates that the reassign that being consumed by the bacterial action could results in the formation of products that were enjoyable to consume. For example, the spoliation of fruit juices potful results in the formation of wine.An early sample carried out by Eduard Buchner in 1896 in which he grounded up a group of cell with sand until it totally being destroyed. The liquid that confront were being extracted and being added to starting line solution. He assume that fermentation could non materialise since the cells atomic number 18 dead because there atomic number 18 no life-force necessary to carry out fermentation (Albasi et al., 2001).Fermentation is the bidding which lifts intoxi potfultic beverages or acid products. The fermentation which do basically involves in the breaking good deal of complex per fect substances into simple substances (Budslawski and Drabent, 1972). Glycolysis provide an energy towards the micro-organism and causation sugar molecules to be split up and the electrons were removes from electrons to molecules (Arici et al, 2004). The electrons were being passed around to an organic molecule such as pyruvic acid resulting in the formation of a waste product such as lactic acid, ethyl alcohol and etc which is vital to utilized fermentation (Arici et al, 2004).The action of yogurt is principally by means of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria at the shop of 27C 40C. The mechanism by which the synergistic effect of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. have been well studied (Collins and Gibson, 1999). The shape mainly involves in the pretreatment of milk, homogenization, heat treatment and cooling. Many study have been done towards the probiotic bacteria which can be used as the entrant culture in the yogurt turnout which being health benefits (Sho rtt, 1999).In the rice wine production, the end product which is wine is resulted from glucose fermentation. Glucose which is present in the rice go away be broken down to form alcohol under well-fixed hold in of the yeast (Arici et al., 2004). The rice wine lead continue until all sugar were used up and being converted to alcohol. Based on (Arici et al, 2004), the dish up of producing rice wine has two tints where by saccharification process is the graduation step which uses fungal in order to hydrolyse the rice starch into sugar.The next step which involves be utilizing the product of saccharification to ethanol which can be describe as belowIn this try, the studies aim to tone of voice the effect of different ice culture that has being used for yogurt production and to observe the rice wine fermentation in the ever-changing of pH and special gloominess.Materials MethodsYogurt fermentationThere were 6 different starter culture that had been used which were congenit al yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis. and then, 12 mL of these starter cultures were being added into 500 mL UHT milk and being labelled separately. The pH of the milk in the beginning and by and by(prenominal)wards adding the starter culture were being taken. The mixture were being incubated at 40-46C for 4 5 hours. after(prenominal) this incubation, the pH of the yoghurts mixture pull up stakes be evidenceed again. The yoghurts were being incubated at 5C and the pH and also gm stained were performed after this chilling period.Below is the flow chart which summarises the methods of yogurt fermentationRice wine fermentation1 kg of cooked rice were being lively and being placed in a room temperature when conducting this experiment. The rice then were mix in ground with starter culture which argon yeast and gradually being added up with approximately 1L of water until all the r ice were mixed thoroughly with the yeast. The pH and particularised sedateness of the rice were being taken every twenty-four hour periodlight. Below is the flow chart which summarises the methods of rice wine fermentationResultsYogurt productionIn the first session of the yoghurt production, 12ml of the starter culture which are natural yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis being inserted into the UHT milks. Then the pH were taken and being followed by incubation at 40-46C. The pH and visual observation were taken again and continued to under chilling stages at 5 C. The final results and observation were taken.The morphology of the micro-organism in the yogurt mixture were tested using the g-force stain methods and being visualize using the microscope. In order to specify the identity of the micro-organism and the quality of the product, the pHs and the gram stain observation were bei ng compared.From table 1, all of the starter culture that was being used have a diminish in pH value from the inital pH to the incubated pH after submit to 40-46C incubation. All of the starter culture also have an increase value after undergo 5C chilling period. From lick 1 and table 1, the similarity and differences of morphology between all types of starter culture was being identified. When undergone gram staining, all of the starter culture showed purpurate colour under microscope indicates that it was gram positive bacteria instead gram negative bacteria which exhibit pink colour. Under the microscopic observation, the array and shape of the bacteria was also being observed.Rice wine fermentationThe experimentation of rice wine had been done for several mean solar days in which in the first day, the starter cultures were being mix with water and rice. The measure of the pH and specific gravity were being taken every day until day 3.Based on table 2, the pH and specific gravity were being shown. The pH were found to be decreasing each day with the final pH was 2.94. The specific gravity shows an increasing value from 1.015 cm to 1.07 at day 2. However, the value are maintain at day 3.The show and morphology were being observed through wet drive techniques which use LPCB stain. The observation of yeast morphology can be seen at figure 2.DiscussionYogurt ProductionThe yogurt production mainly used microorganism in its process which these microorganism having roles in the production of the lactic acid and go steadyling the aroma and coolness of the yogurt. The quality of the yogurt basically depending upon the time, temperature and the types of the starter culture that were used in the process. The common starter culture that was being used are Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The need to keep back the optimum temperature for the activity of the microorganism is important to obtain right yogurt taste and quality. The cond itions with low temperature will cause the culture to grow tardily in order to fully acidify the milk and to achieve proper taste of yogurt. However, high temperature will cause the starter culture to be killed and the activity of the microorganism will goes down and the proper yogurt will be failed to produce. This is the consequences that might happen when the optimum temperature is not met.The secretion of the microorganism metabolite will contribute to the taste and flavour of the yogurt. This secretion and formation of the metabolites are basically depends on the growth rate of the microorganism. The incubation of the milk and starter culture for 40-46C for 5 hours is the condition to assist the fermentation of the microorganism in the starter culture and producing the metabolite products. The temperature and time that is being set up in this experiments are being chosen to be the optimum condition for the fermentation to occur (Galesloot et al, 1968) and the rate of the cult ure metabolism would be higher (Gupta et al., 1996). If the metabolism of the culture is higher, the taste of the yogurt will be more than sweeter (Galesloot et al., 1968).When the desired pH of the acidity is reached, the yogurt was quickly being chilled at 5C in order to suppress the fermentation process and any metabolic activity of the microorganism. This is to ensure the quality and taste of the yogurt are being maintain and no further activity of the microorganism in order to prevent the spoilage of the yogurt (De brabander et al, 1999). This is important to consider the standard of the yogurt product.There were 6 different starter culture that has been used in this experiment which are natural yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis. The UHT milks that were given(p) are at the pH of approximately 6.0 and these yogurts are being incubated in the same temperature and time.The result fo r the natural yoghurt shows the decreasing pH after being incubated at 40 -46C for 4 to 6 hours which are from pH 5.31 to pH 2.90. But there is apparent increase in the pH after the chilling period of 4C which is to pH 3.69. The opposite starter culture also has the same pattern of pH which decreases after being incubated at 40-46C and increase after the chilled period of 5C. But for the other culture, the pH increase after undergo chilling period at 5C does not as obvious as the natural yogurt.The underlying mind for this condition to occur is that the production of the Carbon dioxide (CO2) due to lactose fermentation cause the pH to decline after incubation period of 4 to 6 hours at 40 46 C. The growth of Lactobacillus is increasing and its predominates the whole yogurt produce more acid and make the acids to accumulates which leads to the decrease in the pH of the yogurt for all of the starter culture that were being used in this experiment (Gomes and Malcata, 1999).All of t he starter cultures have slight increase in the pH after being chilled at 5C and this is not as what is being expected. The chilling period of 5C should maintain and control the acidity of the mixture by reducing the metabolism activity of the starter culture which present and thus, reducing the byproduct formation at this step (Gomes and Malcata, 1999). However, the experimental result does show an increase due to several reasons. The first reason is that, there might be contaminants or other types of the microorganism that might interrupted the activity of the Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in this experiment. Hence, this interruption causing the low acidity and thus increase the pH. The other potential reason is that after the chilling period, the yogurt was not mixed causing pH gradient and the acid only concentrated at one part. But, to test the pH value using the pH meter, the yogurt was mix before testing the pH causing the acid to be distributed and resulting in the same solution which was little acidic. This is why the results after chilling period for all types of starter culture are increased.The observation that can be seen for natural yogurt is that after being incubated at 40-46C, the condition for which fermentation can occur is that, the yogurt have sour tone of voice and have the appearance of milky curdles on the top and liquid at bottom and the consistence is thick and not even. Mostly of the visual observation of the yogurt with different starter culture have this curdles on the mixture and develop whatever sort of sour smell. This is because the acidity causing the disruption in the ordinal structure of the protein in the milk (Albasi et al, 2001). Hence, this situation produce curdles in the mixture. The smell of the mixture with different starter culture also have some sort of sour- like smell which can proved that the yogurt defend carbon dioxide.Based on the result in this experiment, the natural yoghur t has the minimum pH compared to the other starter culture followed by yakult, lactococcus lactis and vitagen after the incubation period of 40-46C. This is because the acidity shows that Lactobacillus predominates the yogurt mixture and produce more acid causing decreasing in the pH. The pH after the incubation at 40-46C of Pseudomonas sp. and yeast are higher compared to the other due to the acid production is lower and thus produce less acid causing the pH to be high.For the gram stained, the entire results shows gram stain positive in which under the microscope the image that could be seen is in purple colour. Most of the results are based on the expected. However for the yeast culture, no yeast being observed but the other types of microorganism can be seen. This is due to the presence of contaminants that might be cause during the pH measurement. At the bench, only one pH meter were provided and this will cause contamination of the pH meter resulting in the discrepancies in th e result. The possible reason for this to occur is that the yeast might not being actuate with the yogurt condition. This is due to the unfavourable condition for the yeast to grow. Hence, causing the other microorganism to dominate the yogurt.The result from the experiment showed that the natural yoghurt and Lactobacillus casei shirota (Yakult) was chosen to be effective starter culture in yogurt production due to the decline in the pH which shows that the bacteria were actively producing metabolite by product during the fermentation stages occurring. The high metabolite will fasten the yogurt flavour when being added with milk and fasten the process which will prevent spoilage of food and maintain the quality of the food.Rice wine fermentationFor the rice wine fermentation, the pH are decreasing across the days of experimentation. This indicates that fermentation does occurs and producing acid as it by product. The metabolite activity which occurs in the fermentation are increasi ng, does produce more acids. The experimental results are based on what is expected.As for the specific gravity the pattern that can be seen is where there is an increase in the specific gravity from day o which is during the set up to day 2. However, there is no increase in the specific gravity in day 3. The specific gravity of the rice wine is the low in day 0 indicates that there are not overmuch glucose being released to the solution (xxx). There are increase in the specific gravity because of the sugar which are being release to the solution are increasing as time increases (Zoecklein et al, 1995). The increase in specific gravity value also indicates that the extraction of carbohydrate which are constituents in the rice to sugar are increasing due to the increase in the metabolite activity of yeast. Theoretically, the sugar should be decreasing as the time goes by as the sugar being converted into alcohol due to fermentation process (Wanapu et al, 2002). As in this experimen t, in day 3 to day 4, the specific gravity is maintain and it supposed to be decreasing as the sugar being used up for alcohol production. This might happened because the rice wine has stopped the extraction of the sugar and conversion of sugar to alcohol has only when begun. That is why the value does not show any changes.This discrepancies might occur because that the rice were not evenly distributed and causing not all the sugar were being extracted and converted into alcohol. The time taken for this experiment is not fair to middling to prove that there should be decrease value of specific gravity due to the glucose being used up.ConclusionFrom the experiment, the best chosen starter culture were natural yogurt and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota (Yakult) as the pH from initial pH undergo dramatic decline when fermentation process were done. The decrease in the pH value during this stage indicates the metabolic processes were being done and producing the by product which is acidic . The pH value of the rice wine fermentation also decreasing as a result of metabolic reaction occurring producing acidic by products and the increase in the specific gravity shows that the sugar are being extracted into the solution. Later, the sugar will be converted into alcohol causing the specific gravity to be no changed.

Motivational Interviewing in a Multicultural Setting

Motivational Inter assureing in a Multi heathen SettingMotivational Interviewing in a Multi cultural SettingLawrence, mamma is a city blue in cultural smorgasbord and heritage. The Hispanic population al angiotensin-converting enzyme boasts seventy three percent and continues to grow (Brown et al, 2013). This brings extraordinary challenges to the remedy ambit that consult directly to Hispanic cultural values. There argon alike challenges that Hispanics organization that are tally to substance do. Literature states that Latinos are more prob commensurate to binge drink and utilise drugs more heavily (Franklin Markarian, 2005). Lawrence overly has a very(prenominal) young Latino population, resulting in the mellowest proportion of the population be under five and eighteen years old in Massach subroutinetts (Jaysane Center, 2002). This is imperative to note in a city that reports a eminent level of substance phthisis among youth. Of many of the challenges that Lat inos formula with substance use, they are one-third less probable to enter residential treatment in the state of mamma (Caroll et al, 2009). This illustrates a community that has a prominent adopt for substance use treatment, yet is swanworthyly having that necessitate unmet. As a sociable bleed intern, I will oblige the opportunity to practice with Latino thickenings and families inwardly my community through in home therapy work. Therefore is alert, as a social worker, to better get by the Latino inviteeele within Lawrence and the punishing-hitting factors that cap baron set them apart from other customers within cure settings.Latinos in Therapeutic SettingsLatinos represent a very diverse crowd each having a unique narrative of social, political, and economic factors that allow caused their migration into the United States, or their families migration. This diversity continues to manifest across ethnicity, race, generations, language, but peculiarly nat ionality. Many Latinos identify first and fore or so by their country of origin and will often differentiate, I am Puerto Ri tush oer the official I am Latino. However, though individuals hold this diversity ascribed to their subgroup, many Latinos share core cultural values that are found on mutual experiences such as migration history, access to education and employment, as closelyhead as socioeconomic status. Due to acculturation and other psychosocial stressors, language, and poverty, Latinos may be particularly vulnerable within treatment and treatment organizations (Caroll et al, 2009). These divided up experiences can impact communication styles such as the willingness to disclose light-sensitive information which in turn impacts the clinical setting as traditional therapy models often assume direct disclosure from the invitee. This prepares a dysfunctional surroundings in which Latino invitees, ones that do not follow Westernized norms, risk purpose therapy to be invasive and opposing with their core cultural values. Therefore it is vital for social workers to consider cultural differences within the clinical setting. Mental health services among foreign-innate(p), monolingual Spanish- verbaliseing Latinos remains low when compared with bilingual Latinos born in the United States (Anez et al, 2008). This is because mental health suppliers are challenged to develop cultural and Spanish friendly services that will effectively address the pursue of a diverse Latino community. Substance Use FactorsSubstance use is a significant job among Latinos, who represent the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. However, treatment-related disparities wee-wee been identified as world pertinent to Latinos. Specific factors that bring on been identified as contributing to these disparities include the followers cultural and language barriers, poverty, stigma, the lack of bilingual and bicultural staff, and the lack of treatments that are exposed to Latinos needs (Anez et al, 2008). The necessity for trained professionals who get down the world power and empathy work with the distinct needs of Latinos is great within the therapeutic process. These noted discrepancies are of great concern because it is well documented that Latinos give extendd morbidity and death rate rates, blue incidences of suicide, school dropout, alcoholic beverage use, illicit substance use, and HIV transmittal (Anez et al, 2008). Regardless of an apparent need for mental health services very few members of the Latino community actually seek professional help. It appears that these services are not considered to be a primary source of support. In fact, fewer than one in eleven Latinos contact mental health specialists, and often seek services from a primary care provider first (Anez et al, 2008). This illustrates a client group that is currently at an unmet need for alcohol and drug use treatment. Latino clients might have a reason clients frequently complain that they feel abused, intimidated, and harassed by non-minority power (Sue, 2006). Latinos as a group are largely marginalized within greater society it does not help to do so within the therapeutic setting. Many social work theories originate from a monocultural standpoint, when social workers unconsciously inflict these standards without regard for other cultures, they may be engaging in cultural oppression (Sue, 2006). brotherly workers must enter the therapeutic setting witting of their own prejudices in order to learn and grow from them.Latino Youth in TherapyLawrence reports a in high spirits level of substance use among youth. In 2002, a survey was conducted within the city which collected the responses of 2,206 high school students resulting in respondents revealing that the majority of substances used are alcohol (52.9 percent), inhalants (39 percent), cigarettes (25.2 percent), and marijuana(19.9 percent) ( Jaysane Center, 2002). The repor ted substance use rates among Lawrence youth can increase the risk of dropping out of school for many, as the drop-out rate of high school within the city has been very high in current years. Rates as much as fifty percent of high school classes dropping out between their freshmen and senior years have been reported ( Jaysane Center, 2002). There have been a number of factors attributed to the drug use of Latino youth. For example, the role of the family has been identified as being the most essential component of addiction treatment for the client. It has been shown that parents attitudes, and the use of drugs, tactical maneuver a key role in the drug use expression of twelve-seventeen year old Latino youth ( Franklin Markarian, 2005). Adolescents in particular have a potential ambivalence when it completes to quitting substances. However Latino youth also share an additional cultural ambivalence attributed with the Latino identity. Motivational Interviewing in a Multicultur al SettingMotivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centred counselling access code that uses certain techniques in order to produce motivation to change among ambivalent clients (Miller and Rollnick, 2013). Latinos can be considered ambivalent clients as a result of cultural and systemic factors that are experienced collectively as a group. ambivalence in this sense can be defined as needing to limit a change, but seeing little to no reason to do so (Miller and Rollnick, 2013). MI has been found to be highly effective in the treatment of substance use disorders. However, many Latinos do not seek needed treatment for substance use. There have been a number of cultural values that have been reported to extend to the therapeutic human relationship to varying degrees the three most prominent being personalismo (personal relationships), respeto (respect), and confianza (trust) (Anez et al, 2008). MI is a therapeutic model based upon respect and trust as it is a collaboration which honors the clients experiences and individual perspectives. Latinos have also been reported to work towards engaging in pleasant colloquial exchanges, and to avoid unpleasant ones, often trying to avoid conflict. MI permits the desegregation of these cultural values within the therapeutic setting, as it also avoids channel within the therapeutic relationship. This method differs from other more challenging styles that might advise a client about changes that need to be made, sooner MI creates a more cooperative therapeutic setting where the Latino clients internal motivation is drawn out and explored. This heart and soul that the counsel is not leading sessions or dictating the client in anyway. instead the counselors role is to guide the client, listen to the client, and offer friendship when needed. This method is ideal when workings within the Latino community, especially when most therapeutic speak toes have shown to cross with their core identity. Clients are experts on themselves no professional can know them better than they know themselves (Miller and Rollnick, 2013). If the counselor has the ability to show the Latino client their support of the clients personal expertise, it can create a positive relationship and rapport within the therapeutic setting, and in turn creates a catalyst for change.Motivational enhancement Therapy Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) has been proven to help individuals resolve ambivalence around engaging in treatment as well as stopping substance use. The approach inclines change quickly through motivational methods. Research found on MET methods suggests that its effects depend on the type of drug used by participants as well as on the goal of the intervention. For example, MET has been used successfully with people who are addicted to alcohol and who want to deoxidise their problem drinking (Caroll et al, 2009). Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) such as this have also been identified as being parti cularly effective methods when working with Latino adolescents who have substance use disorders, in fact, Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) have been identified as particularly promising for use in efforts to reduce or eliminate adolescent alcohol and other drug use problems (Cordaro, 2012). The client-counselor relationship and the counselors ability to engage with the Latino adolescent, has also been found to be a key factor within the motivational therapeutic setting. initial impressions count as the initial therapy session appears to be significantly correlated to the clients dropout from the intervention (Cordaro, 2012). In summary, the ability for the counselor to piddle rapport with the client from the first session is one of the most grievous factors when working with the Latino community, in particular with youth.Client ApproachThis overture fall I will begin an internship providing in-home therapy services with Lahey Behavioral health in Lawrence, Massachusetts. I will unquestionably have the opportunity to work with Latino clients and families within the community. When working in family systems, I might come across a situation in which a client within that system might have a substance use discommode that needs to be addressed. When addressing the substance use issue with either an vainglorious or an adolescent, the first impression and rapport is extremely important during the initial session, as it has been shown to be linked to successful client engagement. My focus for motivational interviewing would rely on building a positive and strong relationship with my Latino clients so as to build enough trust to persuade towards change talk. It is important for me to note that Latino clients hold an admiration for former(a) adults that is attributed to the spiritedness experience and a general detection that their wisdom holds significant value, younger generations are taught to respect their elders and greet adults with a courteous Sen or or Senora (Anez et al, 2008). Pretending my client is significantly older than I am I would approach therapy in the following way. First I would begin by asking the client how they would like to be addressed, this would provide the client the ability to structure a conversation around name or nicknames that their friends or family call them, or possible formal titles such as Senor or Senorita. It is also important for me as to be able to address the client respectfully, and to take a careful note of pronunciation. I would structure questions around cultural values, such as being a buena genta (likeable person), family values, respect, trust, and personal relationships (Anez et al, 2008). . In terms of being a likeable person, I could structure a question such as, How important is it for you to be viewed as someone who is likeable? this shows me the importance that the person holds on their image and how others view them. I would also be interested in knowing how the client inter acts in interpersonal relationships outside of therapy this can be achieved by asking, When you are first getting to know someone, what helps you feel comfortable? or What does it take for you to develop trust with someone?. This can help me gain an rationality of the clients strengths, stressors and coping mechanisms. I would also ask, How do you get by conflict? or Can you tell me about a minute of arc when your trust was broken? This can give me an understanding of how the client handles and copes with sound situations, or if the client has a resistance to talking about hard situations within a therapeutic setting. I would further ask the client what their expectations of trust are within our therapeutic setting, summarizing the session with a shared agreement using the values of trust put forward by the client. This shows the client that I value trust and the client as an expert. everyplace the course of many sessions I would continue to understand the clients value system as well as where they stand in terms of change talk. Open-ended value questions would give me an insight into what real matters to the client. I would ask the client what they value the most in life, which can sometimes help to be a motivation for change. This can especially be motivating if the client values their family, a child, being employed or having an education. Once the client has reached the point of talking about their values, I would spend time using a number scale in order to help guide conversation around where my client is in terms of changing, making sure to have all documents used with the client translated if fits the clients need. The clients identified goal during this time might be to reduce the amount of the substance used. Once a goal has been identified and set with the client, I would continue to guide the client into conversation with questions such as how life was like before drug use questions about the future, as well as what advantages and disadvanta ges are in terms of their current drug use patterns. I would summarize that session with a collaborative treatment forge that the client feels is realistic for them, and will continue to check up on how the client is doing with the treatment plan during each following session, making additional adjustments along the way and talking about the process. SummaryThe community of Lawrence, Massachusetts is home to a large proportion of Latinos and the population continues to grow, bringing with them unique challenges especially pertaining substance use and therapy. Latinos drink and use drugs more heavily, a trait that often cascades to younger generations. Latino clients are in need of substance use help, however they are less likely to enter treatment, leaving the need largely unmet. As a social work intern, who will be conducting in-home therapy for families within the city of Lawrence, it is my responsibility to check out that the cultural values of my clients are integrated into th e therapeutic setting. As a Latina social worker, clients might not be as resistant to my therapeutic methods as they might to a non-Latino social worker. As a Latina, I understand and share many core cultural values with Latino clients. Because of this, I might have the ability to build a stronger rapport, one that is essential during the beginning stages of the client-counselor relationship. However, I do not speak swimming Spanish. In fact I only have the ability to speak a limited amount of words, and a few phrases. This largely limits my ability to work with clients who are predominantly in Spanish speaking households, as I am not bilingual. There is also the possibility that I might be looked down upon because I do not speak Spanish, as if I have betrayed my culture and heritage. It is important for me to be aware that these opinions exist, and to notice that they might come up during counseling sessions. If they do I would do my best to redirect the questions back onto my cl ient in a calm and collected manner. In general, MI is the best approach when working with Latino clients as it has been proven to work with ambivalent clients as well as clients with substance use disorders. MI also fosters an environment that is inclusive towards the cultural values of Latinos, and fosters the collaborative therapeutic process between the client and counselor. When the cultural values of the Latino community are taken into consideration, it fosters change, and retains client engagement within therapy.ReferencesAez, L. M., Silva, M. A., Paris Jr., M., Bedregal, L. E. (2008). Engaging Latinos Through the integrating of Cultural Values and Motivational Interviewing Principles.Professional Psychology Research Practice,39(2), 153-159.Brown, N., Chesbro, T., Lee, D. H., Puza, H. (2013). Lawrence, Massachusetts greenbelt Plan. University of Massacusetts, 1-50.Carroll, K. M., Martino, S., Ball, S. A., Nich, C., Frankforter, T., Anez, L. M., et al. (2009). A Multisite Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Motivational Enhancement Therapy for communicative Substance Users.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,77(5), 993-999.Cordaro, M., Tubman, J. G., Wagner, E. F., Morris, S. L. (2012). Treatment Process Predictors of Program Completion or Dropout Among minority Adolescents Enrolled in a Brief Motivational Substance affront Intervention.Journal of Child Adolescent Substance Abuse,21(1), 51-68.Franklin, J., Markarian, M. (2005). Substance Abuse in Minority Populations.Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders, 321-339.Jaysane, A. P., Center, M. P. (2002). The Community Context of Health in Lawrence, Massachusetts.Lawrence, MA Merrimack College.Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (2013). The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing.Motivational InterviewingHelping People Change(3rd ed., ). New York, NY Guilford Press.Sue, D. W. (2006). Principles and Assumptions of Multicultural Social Work Practice.Multicultural Social Work Practice. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley.

The Johari Window Theory Philosophy Essay

The Johari Window Theory Philosophy EssayFor the starting line window which is informal ego-importance-importance, DeVito claims that people know some subject round us and we likewise already know just about oueselves. For instance, the prefatory details about ourselves want our age, name, the color of hair, sex, attitudes, feelings, motivation, political and religion. When we meeting a new friend, we would spread abroad him the basic about ourselves such as our name, where we live and where we were from. The open self im go bad be more widen when the people we interact with hobo constrain us feel comfortable and closed to us. The relationship with our p argonnts and best friends crapper be one of the examples. Communication becomes worse if our open self acquiring smaller. It performer that if we are too secretive to others, it is toilsome to communicate and we are sure having social interaction problems.It is a grave thing if we receive a large open self. Being an open self soul, others utilize to be more comfy with us and it is a very safe point to students to become a large open self as working in groups is common between students. By practicing the open self more in future, we force out simply accept others views and perceptions about us whether it is negative or positive. The people who have a large open self volition get more powerful position in negotiation and the percentage to be exploited is less. (Straker, 2012)The second window, the blind self, is the verso window to the open self. In this window, DeVito (1994) argued that people usually know veritable things about us that we do not know about it. It kindle be related to some discipline about us such as the elan we defense ourselves or fight strategies. In example, we persist to play with our fingers when we getting nervous or we choose to keep in silence when we get angry with someone. some people who have a very outsized blind self seems to ignore their own fault s. Some people say that they know everything about themselves and saying that they can surely eliminate the blind self window. We can never get dislodge of the blind area yet it always in that location. Nevertheless, the communication will be difficult with it existence.We have a tendency to be people who do not even care about what the others think about us if we have a large blind self. We do hide indisputable things about ourselves but only in a small count. deal around us tend to labe direct us as innoxious person because they know certain things that we do not realize it like our weakness points. If it is happen, people can easily take advantage of our naivety. sometimes we can be aggressive which will cause to disliked and feared. For instance, we may have a smelly mouth or we may have a bad odor body that take ins people stay a distance from us. People will not tell us about these because it will cause misunderstood or misconception in a relationship. And yes, it is d ifficult to make a truly confession about the blind self window. (Straker, 2012)The third base window is concealed self. Mostly, DeVito (2011) said that this window representing some information that you know but the others do not know about it. This part contains every secret that you successfully kept from other people. In this area, there are two types of groups which are the over disclosers and the under disclosers. The over disclosers do not mind to share all their secrets about themselves or others. They will let us know about their family history, dark sides, bank gameboard passwords and everything else. While the opposites side, the under disclosers, they keep everything hidden. They will not tell anything about them in every conversation they have made even though with someone who is closed to.By having a large size of the third window, people may say that we tend to appeared distance and secretive to others. skilful like the second window, we tend to speak out less abo ut us if we are in the under discloser group. We may be a person who not easily trusts people in a go around period. We do take time to build a trust. While having a conversation, we may pay less attention to others because we are too acrophobic if we may slip our tongue when we speaking. Our introversion is the main cause that has led us to retreat the world with suspicion and awareness. It is a different thing when we go to the second group, the over discloser. This group may be labelled as a group of people who not a good person in keeping secrets. They have no doubt to tell the others about our past, our dark side and many things that we should keep it. Because of it, it will make people hardly to put a high expectation in keeping secrets. (Straker, 2012)The last spot of the Johari Window theory that DeVito (2011) had mentioned is the unknown self which is no one know about the self neither ourselves nor others chance upon it. It hidden in our subconscious or by some means i s we would escape notice on it that may remain an unrevealed. It can be discovered by hypnosis, various projective tests or dreams. The discovery also can be done through honest and emphatic relationship. Our interaction with family, friends and lovers can be used as examples as they are the most certain(p) person in our life and they trust us back. It is an efficient regularity to gain insight.People may think we are mysterious person if we are having a great size of the unknown self. We may be looked like a lonely and friendless person but we are not a shy person. The hidden things may consist of some(prenominal) good and bad things that not possible to discovered it if this window go through the other window, the open self, the blind self or the hidden self window. (Straker, 2012)Associated with Johari Window, DeVito (2011) conclude that each individuals window will be digress as one self grows, one or more of the other selves shrink.According to Charless Horton Cooleys (1922) concept of the looking glass self, when you want to discover, say, how friendly or how assertive you are, you would look at the image of yourself that others reveal to you through the way they treat you and react to you (Hensley, 1996). Youd look especially to those who are most real in your life. As a child, youd look to your parents and then to your teachers. As an adult, you big businessman look to your friends, romantic partners and colleagues at work. If these important others think highly of yourself reflected in their behaviors if they think little of you, youll see a more negative image.(DeVito, 2011)By visualizing this model as representing yourself, it will build up our personal victimisation either to positive or negative. Hence, our self-concept, self-awareness and self-esteem will be increase in future.

Analysing Heat Transfer And Insulation Engineering Essay

Analysing Heat Transfer And Insulation Engineering look forWhen two bodies at different temperatures argon placed near sever all toldy different or they be kept in contact, substantialth flows from a body at a higher temperature to the body at impose temperature. The transfer of warmheartedness from nonpareil body to the different, or from one commence of a body to the other part, weed take place by three different exercisees- conduction, convection and radiotherapy. The total transfer of fondness stochastic variable one body to other can be by one or much than one of the above three modes. Thermal or warmth transfer therefore takes place through conduction-a process of transfer of free free energy due to the differences in the temperature, convection-is the up and down movement of gas and liquids, and radiation-a process by which energy directly passes from one body to another. Heat is transferred by the process of conduction when particles of the medium at d ifferent temperatures are in direct or indirect physical contact. Thus conduction is a process of transfer of shake up from the hot end to the cold end, form particle to particle of the medium. The rate that an object transfers heat through conduction is called thermal conductivity. An object with low conductivity willing transfer heat slower than an object with high conductivity. This is why some substances are apply as insulators temporary hookup others are employ in applications such as cooking. In general, fast(a)s are better conductors of heat than are liquids and gases. Metals are the outperform thermal conductors while non-metal solids tend to be pitiable conductors.In twist mechanism (structure of machine), thermal conduction plays a vital role. Thermal detachmentin structures is an important factor to achievingthermal comfortfor its occupants. Insulation rivets unwanted heat loss or gain and can decrease the energy demands of warming and cooling systems. Insula tion can just refer to the insularism materialsemployed to slow heat loss, such ascellulose, scum wool, thrill wool,polystyrene,urethane foam,vermiculite (type of chemical insularity), and earth or background. But it can to a fault impress a range of designs and techniques to address the main modes of heat transfer conduction, radiation and convection materials.There are variant ways through which heat escapes our main offices. As our family lines are built on cold soil or rocks, heat directly flows down into the Earth by conduction. Heat travels by conduction through the solid walls and detonating device of our ho using ups. On the outdoor(a), the outer walls and the jacket crown tiles are hotter than the atmosphere around them, so the cold carriage near to them heats up and flows onward by convection. Heaters use fuels and air conditioners uses lots of electricity, which is why breakup is apply. Insulation take holds the house comfortable and keeps the temperature of house cool in summers and warm in winters. It is very useful to keep the temperature of the house independent from outside temperature. How much insulation a house should deal depends on building design, climate, energy costs, budget, and personal preference.In cold regions, most houses use insulation. closely of the homes are fitted with cavity wall with two layers of brick or block amongst the inner rooms and the outer atmosphere and an air opening night amidst the walls. The air gap make outs heat losses from the walls by both conduction andconvection conduction, because theres relatively little air between the walls and its sealed in, so convection currents careen really circulate.The best way to insulate is to fill the air gap with expanding foam or other insulators. Cavity walls are often modify with loosely packed, air-filled materials such as vermiculite, shreddedrecycledpaper, orglassfibers, it traps the heat and pr withalts it from escaping.Since warm air rises, plenty of heat escapes through the roof of the houses. Most people also have insulation inside the roof, also known as the loft area, of their homes. Loft insulation is generally make from the same materials as cavity-wall fillings-such things as rock wool and fibreglass.Wall and roof insulation cuts down on heat losses by conduction. Double-glazed windows have two panes ofglassseparated by a sealed air gap. The air stops heat losses by conduction, while the tautological pane of glass reflects more light and heat radiation back off into home and reduces heat losses. If a thin reflective metallic close or do from special thermal glazing (such as Pilkington-K, which traps heat a bit like a greenhouse) is added to the windows, the heat loss will reduce further.Window insulation filmcan be applied to reduce heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Pipe insulationis also important in buildings for pipes that carry heated up or cooled fluids.. In industry, energy has to be expend ed (extended) to raise, lower, or maintain the temperature of objects or process fluids. If these are not insulated, this increases the heat energy requirements of a process, and therefrom the cost and environmental impact.In hot regions, the greatest source of heat is the solar radiation, which enters the buildings through windows, heat the building shell and causing the heat transfer to increase through the building envelope. Solar gain can be reduced by adequate shading from the sun,light dyed roofing, spectrally selective (heat-reflective) paints and coatings and varioustypes of insulationfor the rest of the envelope.The graphs above represent a comparison study between the insulation capacity of Cellulose and Fiber glass. http//www.msgreenconstruction.com/uploads/images/cellulose-insulation-r-value.pngCellulose is essentially glucose-tapped from recycled newspapers, magazines and cardboard which are treated with chemicals to produce an insulating material with varying proper ties. put down resistant chemicals are added to cellulose to increase the efficacy*. Fiberglass is an artificial celluloid fiber that consists of calcium silicates, aluminum and other metals.There are various benefits consumers receive with the use of conduction and/or insulation systems in their houses. almost of the benefits includeIt is energy-efficientIt is cost-effective, durableTheir uses doesnt cause any harm to the surrounding environment.It provides more uniform temperatures throughout the space.It has minimal recurring expense. Unlike heating and cooling equipment, insulation is eternal and does not require maintenance, upkeep, or adjustment.It absorbs noise and vibrations glide slope form both the outside and from other rooms inside the house, thus producing a more comfortable occupant environmentThermal insulation materials fixed on inside sur grimace of the room walls pr tear downt condensation on interior walls and ceiling.There are also limitations to the use of insulation systems, like the use of cellulose for insulation attracted many rodents to the house. . The main technical limitations of fiberglass matting as insulation are poor structural strength, poor compression (to shorten) resistance, permeability to moisture and a tendency to settle later on installation if not properly installed. There are many areas in insulated houses which lack of sufficient insulation, like the corners of buildings, and areas where insulation has been removed or displaced to make room for system infrastructure. During rainy seasons, most of paints utilise to absorb or emit heat are washed away or gets dull, even metals rusts.Most of the above limitations are solved by science and technology. As the use of cellulose on wooden pipes and furniture attracts rodents, after many experiments they made cellulose which substance abuse attract rodents. As paints gets dull or washed away with rain and metals rust, scientists have devised new un-washable paints and metals are coated with other substances that wont rust or wash away with rain water.Environment- In countries which experiences super harsh winters and hot summers, cane reed offers better insulation than brick. This keeps heating and cooling costs down, which translates into energy savings as well as cost savings for the family. It also contributes towards a reduction in the colony on foreign solid fuel sources and reduces pollution. The cane reed used in the house construction is a locally produced, renewable resource. Harvested (grown) annually, reeds patronage life in ponds and lakes their roots also stabilize the surrounding earth, preventing soil erosion. The use of the reeds also reduces dependence on, and misuse of, forests. Other building materials used in the process are sourced locally, including the pipes used in the under-floor heating system, which are produced locally by a partner company. The use of insulation even reduces the use of heaters and air conditioners, in turn saving fuel and reducing pollution.Economic- Buildings made of cane reeds area helps the local economy by employing a community labor force to harvest the reeds which are woven into the timberland frame, as well as gathering the clay, sand and mud used to fortify the reed. In some cases, residents have been able to obtain permanent employment as a result of the training received during the construction process. The cane reed technology increases affordability as it offers a 40 per penny reduction in housing cost compared with conventional brick housing. Plans are shortly underway for the development of a Building and Training Centre where all construction materials to be used in Habitat homes will be produced, further decreasing the costs to participating families.Social- As these buildings are diffuse to make every body in the family and community takes part in making it, they found a improved way of living as they are no longer required to gather firewood, wash dishes and frock outside by hand and cook in a bound space. They have time and energy to pursue work outside the home, therefore helping to increase household income. The reduction in the use of solid fuels has also resulted in decreased levels of indoor air pollution and has accordingly improved health, with a particular fall in respiratory illnesses.Thus, an insulated home is comfortable as the temperature remains consistent over weather changes. It makes the house comfortable and keeps the temperature of house cool in summers and warm in winters. in force(p) use of insulation is necessary for each and every people who face harsh summers or winters. It helps them to stay warm and cozy in their homes, while contributing less to global warming and pollution. With the increase in the uses of insulation, the use of heater and air conditioning units will reduce. The use of fuels and other non-renewable sources will also be automatically reduced as this is a essential technique of absorbi ng or emitting heat. If the use of air conditioning units and heaters keeps on increasing, then there will be drastic effect on the climatic changes. To keep our surrounding safe as well as save natural resources for the upcoming generations, insulating our homes instead of using air conditioners, heaters, and other technologies which cause harm to the environment, is essential . Though insulation is expensive, its worth as its durable and doesnt have a recurring cost unlike other means.

Voting Behaviour in Nigeria

Voting Behaviour in NigeriaETHNICITY AND VOTING demeanour IN NIGERIAABSTRACTThis paper tried to give a historical discourse close the affinity in the midst of culturality and ballot demeanor utilize Nigeria as its case debate. Looking at the early evolution of Nigeria, afterwards the amalgamation of some(prenominal) the northern and southern protectorates during the era of colonialism, one ignore that has been mind boggling within the historic-socio- policy-making discourse of Nigeria is the paradigm of ethnicity which many from the academia run to see it as having a great sham in the expressive style and manner elections argon conducting which ultimately affects the ballot pattern of the state as well. Using historic-descriptive method in which secondary data are largely used in order to come up with this correlation amongst ethnicity and suffrage deportment in Nigeria, the study noted that the former has substantive impact in the way and manner political lead ers are elected or recruited.Key Words Ethnicity, Voting doings, Elections, Nigeria, Ethnic, Elites.INTRODUCTIONEthnicity has been utter to boast had significant influence in the voting behaviour of individuals. This is in general recorded in Africa and some part of Asia, where peck tend to select those who forget g all overn them ground on certain pseudo-socio and cultural hasten up. Hence this study willing try to study the causal human relationship between ethnicity which will be the independent vari competent and voting behaviour which is said to be the dependent variable and Nigeria will be the unsophisticated used as the case for this study.According to scholars, ethnicity defines inequalities in our societies which is crucial to get ethnic identities. Its attempts lead to influence the behaviours of others and the course of events in the organization in order to protect their self-interests, main priority is their own needs. For instance a respectable to voter would wipe out to been of age, a citizen, had to be registered to vote and once their qualifications have been met. Then you have the honor to voting. Expanding on these ideas people assume that on that point candidate will just win even without leading their vote, which marrow if you do not vote dont have the cover to criticize your leaders. governmental efficiency can be defined as one time influence and effectiveness on politics. So the lack of political efficiency is the thought that wont imprint a difference. And to widen their own goals. Behaviour may be seen as political. designation behavior as political, instead, usually implies a judgment that certain people are gaining something at the expense of others or the institution/organization as a whole. However a balance understanding of political behaviour and its consequence is needed. People seem to be self-centered and biased when plumy actions as political behaviour. Employees may justify their own political behav ior as defending legitimate rights or interests, yet call corresponding behavior by others playing politics. investigate QUESTIONSThe study seeks to ask the chase research questionsHow has ethnicity been able to influence voting behaviour?Are political parties ethnically aligned so as to influence voting behaviour?OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYIt is the desire of this study to be able to achieve the pursuance objectivesTo explain the causal relationship between ethnicity and voting behaviour pattern.To in like manner know whether ethnic factors tend to affect voting pattern of individuals in the study.As an academic exercise it is the desire of the study to contri besidese to alert literature about the subject matter which is the causal relationship between ethnicity and voting behaviour.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn other to come up with a causal relationship between these two variables, the study will rely on secondary data through which secondary sources such(prenominal) as books, article s, journals, reports from other think tank centers like freedom house, afro-barometer etcetera in order to explain the correlation between these two variables.RESEARCH HYPOTHESISTo examine the extent to which ethnicity can influence voting behavior in Nigerians the study has come up with the following hypothetical statementsH1- Whether Ethnicity influences voting behavior (Thesis Statement)H2- If it does not influence voting behavior (Anti-Thesis Statement)CONCEPTUALIZATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION OF legal injuryEthnicityCan be seen as synonyms of races because the usual idea is biological kinfolk inherited from generation to generation. Ethnicity is a basic form of identity, talking about were your ancestors came from and ethnicity can be seen as a cultural trade, believes and language, or a multitude of people who share a common history, language, farming, ethnicity is really culture component that people share and has been developed as identity over time. Also ethnicity refer s to shared cultural practices that set apart one group of people from another.Voting BehaviorAccording to Juma (201122) explains voting behaviour as a set of attitudes and beliefs towards elections at the national as well as, at the local anaesthetic level.They are basically three source political scientist matter at in order to analyse why people or voter behave the way they do, why they vote the way they do and why they chose the parties that they dolooking at the result of the election (seeing whose voting for what or women/men voting or generation voting for what) discipline work aheaddoing some studies of political socialization which is the physical process by which people gain their political attitudes, political opinions of growing up process and how you want to be the people you areLTERATURE REVEWThe study will try to examine what other scholars have force verbally about the two variables, i.e. Ethnicity and Voting behaviour.EthnicityBorrowing from Balliber and Waller stein, who tried to examine the innovation of ethnicity in their work regarding the hypothesis of state formation, Bonila Silva, looked at the term ethnicity as a process where by one assert certain straightforward attribute aimed at creating and achieveing a sense of communal way of brio in the association.While Barth F. sees ethnicity as a situation in which people that live in a distinct community tend to create a distinct identity that differentiates them from other categories of people in the society as well.Horowitz, (1985) note that ethnicity is the core principle of politics within a state which either challenge or serve as a medium of cohesion amongst states in order to reduce the inherent focus within the international system.According Horowitz, ethnicity exerts a strong direct impact on electoral behavior in ethnically-segmented societies, through generating a long-run psychological sense of party loyalty anchoring citizens to parties, where casting a vote becomes an expression of group identity. By implications, other social divisions become subsumed as secondary to ethnicity.VOTING BEHAVIOURAccording to Juma (201122), the term voting behaviour, connotes a collection of attitudes, values and beliefs in which individuals of a given society have towards elections both at the local, national and international level.While Harrop and Miller, using a constructivist paradigm, explained voting behaviour as a pattern of political exponentiation mostly taking place in democratic societies where people react to certain laid down values, principles and beliefs how they choose their leaders. These set of beliefs could be based on age, sex, ethnicity, religion and education.THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKIn order for this study to be able to explain the causal relationship between ethnicity and voting behaviour, the study will adopt the theory of constructivism in order to be able to study this synergy between both the independent and dependent variables. This t heory tries to analyse events, issues and phenomena via a sociological perspective and socio-cultural vantage point.Relating this theory to my study, since both variables tend to toe towards studying socio-cultural phenomena, the study would look at how this variants of ethnicity affects voting behaviour.DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONThis is the aspect of the study where the researcher will try to test his hypothesis in order to determine the pointedness of causality between his variables using relevant secondary data as well as information from think-tanks that can be able to valuate his variables. After the analysis the researcher will be able to either vilify or corroborate his hypothesis.SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONThis is the last configuration of the study, where the researcher will be able to come out with a testable statement and conclusion about the findings of his research, make recommendations where necessary and also make suggestions for further study.Drawing from the availab le data largely drawn from the reports of Afro-barometer and license house, there seem to be a causal relationship between ethnicity and voting behaviour in Nigeria. This is usually attributed to the diverse nature of the Nigerian society in which there are over 450 local languages, in which each ethnic group, wants a stake in the remains polity. This ethnic divisions, played a latent role even in the composition of the various political parties in the country in which right from independence to date, none of the political parties actually, have a national outlook, but rather they are all structured and are operated towards ethnic and sacred lines. Thus, with this type of party structures in the society, the ethnic factor most lots influenced, voters choice, because most Nigerians, tend to opt for candidates that represent their ethnic origin rather than vote based on merit, ability or to a candidate that would provide the needed dividends of good governance.REFERENCESAllen, H. (2007), How do rules and institutions upgrade vote buying, In Schaffer, (2007), The Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying, Lyinne Reiner Publishers, Colorado.Brusco, M. et al. (2004), Vote Buying in Argentina, Latin American Research Review, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 65-88.Ibrahim, J. (2007), Nigerias 2007 Elections The fitful Path to Democracy, appoint for Peace, Washington D.C.Ifidon, (2003), Transition from Democracy in Nigeria Toward a Pre-emptive Analysis, African daybook of Political Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 109-128.Jega, A. (2007), Elections and the future of Democracy in Nigeria, NPSA, Lagos.Michael, B. Lewis, P. (2007), The Durability of Political Goods Evidence from Nigerias New Democracy, Cambridge University Press, New York.Michael B. (2007), Who Votes? Implications for new democracies, available at http//www.globalbarometer.net/publication.htm accessed 30th April, 2014.

Celebrities in the American Media Essays -- Celebrity

American Media The Bliss of the Public or the Bane of Celebrities? passim history, the media has caught some of the most horrific scenes on camera. While it is great that these events were documented, mavin cannot help but wonder how much is too much when intrusive into the lives of public figures. Even celebrities need a time to grieve to that degree that time seems limited when they are constantly beingness harassed by men with cameras trying to give the best sum up of the situation. Since the introduction of the television, and possibly before, news broadcasters have been concerned with one objective relaying the most raise and informative report of the breaking story, regardless of the effects of their curiosity. In most cases of tr geezerhooddy, the media coverage makes the situation worse. There is a photograph by Elliott Erwitt of Jackie Kennedy at President Kennedys funeral, which really embodies the effects of broadcasting tragedies. In the picture, Mrs. Kennedy s face seems frozen in a state of disbelief and tribulation as a man behind her stands unaffected with a microphone around his ear. Millions of Americans sat in front of their TV sets watching the funeral, and through and through all of this Mrs. Kennedy was barely able to relax and reflect since it was her duty to pattern the whole procession. After the funeral, she still could not find the time to grieve. Because she was the starting signal lady, Jackie Kennedy had an obligation to the public so even under the greatest nervous strain imaginable the widow was receiving the guests who had come to her husbands funeral (Mayo, 84). By being the wife of a public figure, she too feels the stress of being a celebrity. The media, as well as the members of the public have forced her to catch ones breath active... ... without creating a rivalry between them or false pretences against them. In an age when media is such a big part of Americans lives, it is necessary to take into ac count the effects that the stories will have on the people in them. whole kit and caboodle CitedBaughman, Cynthia. Women on Ice Feminist Responses to Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle. newly York, New York Routledge, 1995. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink. New York, New York Little, Brown and Company, 2005.Mayo, John B. Bulletin From Dallas The President Is Dead. New York, New York commentary Press, 1967.Semple, Robert B., ed. Four Days in November. New York, New York St. Martins Press, 2003. Triplett, William. living. American Journalism Review. October 1994. Questia. Questia Online Library. University of Miami. 28 September 2006. .

Unferth in Beowulf and Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey :: comparison compare contrast essays

Unferth in Beowulf and Odysseus in the Odyssey Kemp Malone in his essay Beowulf comments that the heros swimming match with Breca, an episode of more than 100 lines, is not told as such, but set in a frame the flitting between Unferth and Beowulf (Malone 144). This quarrel or challenge between the hero and a rude rivalry appears not only in Beowulf but in other doughty poetry like the Odyssey. When Beowulf and his crew of brave Geat warriors arrive to the court of poof Hrothgar of Denmark, one of the kings retainers, Unferth by name, has been drinking too firmly of the mead. This puts him into a drunken state of mind wherein he unwisely and discourteously challenges the hero regarding a swimming contest sometime earlier Unferth, Ecglafs son, rose to speak, who sat at the fee of the lord of the Scyldings he detach a battle-rune - the journey of Beowulf, the brave seafarer, caused him chagrin, for he would not grant that either other man under the heavens might ever like m ore for famous deeds than he himself Are you the same Beowulf who challenged Breca to a swimming match on the open sea? There out(p) of pride you both tested sea-ways, through foolish boasting risked lives on the deep. None could dissuade you, friend or foe, keep either of you from that paltry trip, when you went swimming out of the bay, your arms embracing the crests, sea-currents, flung out your hands to criterion the sea-roads, the ocean of wind. The steep seas boiled in winters pourings. You both toiled seven nights driven by the waves, and in that swimming he overcame you, had great strength.(499ff.) So far Unferth, a proud warrior himself, tells Beowulf that the hero is foolish and that he has been bested in this sea-competition by his opponent both of which are big, embarrassing putdowns. Unferth continues to incumbrance it in The sea cast him up on the Heatho-Raems shore from in that respect at daybreak he sought his homeland, beloved by his people, came fanny t o the Brondings, fair peace-fort where he had subjects, stronghold, and treasures. The good son of Beanstan had truly fulfilled his intact boast against you(519ff.) Nothing like siding 100% with the foe forwards even hearing both sides of the story Finally, in concluding, Unferth states his minimal expectations of Beowulf considering the latter(prenominal)s utter failure against Breca

The Meaning of What Are Years? by Marianne Moore :: Poems, Poetry Analysis

In the poem What Are Years?, Moore clear expresses her perception of life.Moore states that no cardinal can truly understand the constitution of their guilt or innocence. Everyone is naked to the dangers of existence. Moore defines courage as resolute doubt, having the ability, or the the strength of spirit, to keep dismission even when defeated. To be strong, one must accept their own mortality. One must accept the earthly concern of death and yet keep fighting to live. Although we are all engrossed in a world of mortality, we must fight every sidereal day to give meaning to our life. We must live as if we were never going to dieMoore begins the last stanza with an ambiguous So. Although one has a heightened sentience of mortality, one behaves, one keeps the ego disciplined. This is the same concept as that of the caged dame who, though held captive in a cruelly small space, continues to prattle with all his heart. Despite the birds lack of satisfaction because of his loss of flight and freedom, he knows joy.

Bush v Gore :: essays research papers

chaparral v. panelBush v. Gore was a controversial case that was heard on celestial latitude 11, 2000. This case decided the outcome of the 2000 presidential choice amid Vice President Gore and Texas Governor George W. Bush.The election took place on Nov 7, 2000. Under our electoral college system each bow votes for our new president separately, a winner is then declared in each state and is awarded electoral votes that is correspond to the states number of representatives in the House and Senate. Gore light-emitting diode Bush 266-246 and 270 votes are required for victory. Florida with 25 electoral votes did not present an official winner because the result was inside of the margin of error for work counting.Gore knew the only way to figure this out was to have a manual recount of several counties ballots. As Palm Beach County was recount its ballots Florida Secretary Harris, a Republican and co-chair of the Florida Bush campaign, officially certified the election for Bu sh. In reaction to this decision Gore and Palm Beach filed tally against Bush and Harris in Florida Supreme court demanding that the recount should go on. On November 22, Bush appealed to the United States Supreme Court against Palm Beach County candidacy Board stating the decision was in violation of a federal codified requiring electors to be finished at a given point forward the Electoral College met.After many more suits were filed oral arguments in Bush v. Gore were brought before the US Supreme Court on December 11, 2000 by lawyers representing both sides. Due to the nature of the case the court gave its judging in only 16 hours after hearing the arguments.Bushs representation questioned that, Does recounts in Florida violate the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment to the United States war paint? Because all the votes were being counted unevenly, with standards varying from county to county, where recounts in counties where he could have majority were no t being conducted. Bush Argued the decision went against the Constitution stating nor shall any State. Deny to any person within the equal protection of the laws.Gores representation responded that the Florida Supreme court hade do everything it could to establish equal treatment of both parties, and that requiring all ballots to be inured in the same manner would require a new federal standard for counting votes. Gore also claimed that ending recounts was not a good way to settle this extraordinary dispute.

Warren G. Harding, President Essay -- Politics

warren G. Harding, President(1865-1923)Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Corsica (now Bloomington Grove), Ohio. He was eldest of eight children. His initiate, George Tryon Harding, was a farmer and a doctor. His mother, Phoebe Dickerson Harding, was a gentle, pious woman who devoted herself to her children.As a boy warren helped his fater on the farm. In the summer he loped in a sawmill that made brooms, and he drove a team of horses for the Toledo and Ohio Central Railroaad. His father was later quoted as saying , Warren was always willing to work hard if there was any money in it. Later Warren would become a printers apprentance, and office boy on the Caledonia Argus, a topical anesthetic composition. There he learned how to set type and gained his first newspaper experience.In 1879, at the age of 14, Harding entered Ohio Central College in Iberia. After graduating in 1882 he took a job as a schoolteacher. But he gave it up after one term, calling it the hardest job he perpetually had. The following year the Hardings moved to Marion, Ohio. Harding studied law for a few months, bu...

Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society Essay

Role of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors atomic number 18 mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem stately and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture some seem cowardly. just now all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the storied epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those few women who are mentioned and from other documents of the era, it is possible to see the position of women in of Anglo-Saxon society. In many cases, they enjoyed more rights than women in later Medieval cultures. Both Wealhtheow, Hrothgars queen, and Hygd, Hygelacs queen, obviously held power in their courts. Wealhtheows actions in rewarding Beowulf after his battles show the queens lineament and position as hostess. She awards him two arm ornament... ... impact on todays li fe, goes farthest toward dispelling notions that the Anglo-Saxons restricted the freedom of women in favor of a purely male-oriented, hero-worshiping society. whole shebang Cited Beowulf and Other Old English Poems. Trans. Constance B. Hieatt. New York Odyssey Press, 1967. Gies, Frances and Joseph. Marriage and Family in the ticker Ages. New York Harper and Row, 1987. Page, R.I. Life in Anglo-Saxon England. New York G.P. Putnams Sons, 1970.

Discuss Fitzgerald’s use of symbols within The Great Gatsby. Essays

Discuss Fitzgeralds use of symbols within The Great Gatsby.Through divulge his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald usessymbolism.Symbols argon objects, characters, figures or colours utilise to representabstract ideas or concepts.The first symbol we see appears at the end of Chapter one. It is a special K light, laid at the end of Daisy Buchanans East Egg dock andis lonesome(prenominal) just visible from Gatsbys expansive West Egg covering garden. InChapter one Nick (the narrator) describes his mysterious neighbourstretching kayoed his arms toward the dark water in a curious room, thisis Gatsby reaching desperately out to the verdure light, whichrepresents his hopes and dreams for the future (which incidentally,involved Daisy). He associates it with Daisy and sees the green lightas a guiding light to his goal. perchance the green light represents Daisy, the unattainable. Alike tothe green light, she is so close, yet so far from Gatsby and justwithin his grasp. Althoug h he is reaching out to her, he cannot in literality reach her because there is a divide, in the side of the greenlight it is water, but in the case of Daisy it is status (and herhusband, Tom).The green light also represents the generalised ideal of the AmericanDream, because Gatsbys following for Daisy is generally connected withthis.Fitzgeralds choice of using green as the colour of the light isvery significant and symbolic in itself. parkland is the colour of moneyand therefore wealth, this is something which Gatsby has alwaysstrived for (similarly he is reaching out and striving for thelight) in order to capture Daisys heart, as she rejected him in thepast due to his lack of wealth and status. Also, green is the colourthat ... ...umping of industrial ashes. - It represents the moral and social decay that results from the uninhibited interestingness of wealth, as the rich indulge themselves with regard for nothing but their protest pleasure.- It also symbolises the pligh t of the poor, like Wilson, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their spiritedness as a result.- Fitz uses the valley of the ashes as a dramatic telephone circuit to the lives of the rich east and west egg dwellers, to really emphasise and delegate how large the difference between them is, despite them being so nearby.- He also uses it to highlight how superficial the rich are. They are the beautiful mint and this is reflected in where they live, however the valley of the ashes is dirty and unattractive. - The valley is actually used as a cut through road for the rich, however real people live there.

Malaria and DDT Essay -- Health Biology Essays

Malaria and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Malaria has been a capacious problem among many developing nations over the then(prenominal) century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each(prenominal) year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are Afri potful children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately. There have been many attempts at preventing malaria, none of which have been very successful. These have usually involved protect human beings from mosquitoes, the dreaded carriers of the disease, by eliminating their breeding places. Attempts have been made at destroying larvae as they grow in the water, but none have managed to complete the onslaught of malaria. Recently ( before 1999), in some locations, certain drug-resistant strains of malaria much(prenominal) as P. falciparum have arisen. The P. falciparum strain is considered the most lethal form of malaria and can set neurological damage (Poser, 1999). This presence of strains of malaria that do not respond to stodgy drug-treatment poses a new problem for malaria control. The hope is that a malaria vaccine can be real. However, development of such a vaccine is far off. wholeness possible developer of such a vaccine, Henri Vial of the Montpellier University II in France, has developed a drug that kills the malaria parasite by preventing it from replicating in the red downslope cells. However, this drug, called G25, has only been tested on laboratory monkeys and still needs to permit further testing. It is estimate... ...s way into the water where it is absorbed by fish and oceanic animals. The substance is stored in the fatty tissues of the animal where it stays until it is needed, like during a sickness or when one is deprived of food. This can cause the tolerant system of an animal to respond to disease with less efficiency. Fish such as carp have shown significant immune-system suppression and high levels of pesticide-induced perniciousness (Repetto, Baliga, 1996). If birds feed upon these aquatic animals, then they too will pick up the chemical substance. The thinning of egg-shells and therefore a decrease in successful births has been think with exposure to pesticides such as DDT. However, these studies have been done in the line of products and therefore the results are uncertain and inaccurate. It is difficult to tell the extent of the chemicals effect on the biological system (Repetto, Baliga, 1996).

Hester - Predator or Prey in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet garner Hester - Predator or Prey?   The Scarlet Letter had a controversial plot when it was published in 1850. The main character, Hester Prynne, and her scarlet A have been a symbol of adultery for over whizz hundred years. It is hard to determine whether Hester should be considered a predator or the prey throughout this novel. Individual upbringing and teachings could create a preset opinion of Hester and the sin of adultery. Hesters beauty was breathtaking. Her dark hair and brown eye were alluring. An attractive figure drew much attention from both homonish and female members of the community. Jealousy caused many an(prenominal) women to reject her friendship. Men secretively desired her although they may have pretended some otherwise. Many prejudged Hester as being around less than a symbol of virtue because of her outward appearance. She was never given(p) the opportunity to develop a deep and personal friendship with anyone other than the priest. He r dependence on him drew her closer to him than she realized. Her tenderness and passion was pushed deeper indoors as years passed. From the very beginning she became a victim when her parents put her marriage to the wealthy yet notorious Roger Chillingsworth. He was a man who needed to collect things and Hester became another possession. His great wealth enabled him to lead many different lives and become whomever or whatever he chose. However, his greed and selfishness pack him to abandon Hester and destroy any love she might have had for him. Upon his return, during the broadcast scene, she pretended not to know him. At that moment her attraction to him dumb existed. The author portrayed her as being smug and almost flaunting her sin, age at the same time she noticed how handsome her husband seemed. The sleeping around of Hesters character not only instigated her affair but had also force her towards Roger Chillingsworth to begin with. One could perceive this as a predac eous quality. For septette long years, Hester and her bastard child Pearl suffered great anguish. Their existence in this Puritan setting was almost intolerable. Yet they went about their lives and took each turn of events of happiness, though few, and made the most of it. It is the tendency of many to thrive on the failing and downfall of others that is what transpired during this period. Possibly, her actions served as a catalyst for exploitation, but how she was sensed by her fellow man was not a significant federal agent in her decision not to expose her lover.

Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heigh

In Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights strike back is a common, reoccurring theme. According to Websters Dictionary, retaliation is to inflict punishment in return for injury or insult. Within the novel, Wuthering Heights, retaliation is an action taken by many people in order to redeem themselves. However, every of the characters end up in misery because of their hearts desire to avenge. In many novels, revenge is an action typically taken by the important villain upon the main hero. Revenge occurs often in both fictionalization and non-fiction books. Within Withering Heights, there are three examples of revenge that posses quixotic tenets Heathcliffs revenge on Edgar and Catherine is the isolation tenet Catherines revenge on Heathcliff is the elevated emotional level tenet and Hindleys revenge on Heathcl...

Family at the Bedside Essay -- Health, Spirituality and Holistic Care

Discussion of family figurehead during invasive procedures has been ongoing for many years. Some healthcare organizations have instituted policies to allow family members to be reconcile during invasive procedures, which they would previously forbid during these procedures. Attitudes of healthcare providers dissent drastically. (MacLean et al., 2003) This paper will illustrate the important benefits of having a family member point during these procedures. Terms used in this search includes Pro family at bedside, brilliance of family at bedside invasive procedure, Family centered car in the operating style and position statement on Family posture. The following articles were deemed appropriate for this paper.1.Baumhover N, Hughes L. Spirituality and provide for family front during invasive procedures and resuscitations in adults. American Journal of Critical contend July 2009 18(4)357-367 Several health organizations have made recommendations and written guidelines to includ e family presence at the bedside during invasive procedures. A quantitative count was done of health care professionals exploring their thoughts and attitudes to family presence during invasive procedures. This article explores the importance of Spirituality and holistic care. The design for this study was exploratory, descriptive, and correlation. The setting was a 210-bed not-for-profit Christian-based hospital located in the Southwestern United States. Data was collected from the individuals in this study and analyzed. The study found that 58% of nurses Compared with 34% of physicians and physician assistants strongly agreed that family presence during invasive procedures is a patients right. This study ... ...eterization, 84% sedation and analgesia, 81% bladder catheterization, 80% sutures, 79% lumbar puncture, 66% and cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, 44%. The families reasons for being present included calming the child, suff ering slight anxiety, and watching over the procedure. Eighty percent thought that the familys presence could be beneficial.10.American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiorespiratory Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2005 112Supp IV-1-IV-211.Retrieved December,7,2010.From http//circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-6The American Heart tie support having family members present during invasive procedures. They have out clear and aphoristic directions on establishing a family member presence at the bedside that any hospital can adapt.

Libya: A Deep and Rich History Essay -- essays research papers

Libya A Deep and Rich HistoryIn the beginning of the 20th century Libya was a country that was not to brood nor did it have much power. The name Libya was given by the Italians, who had a study entrance in Libya from 1911 until the end of World War II. At the bring of the century the whiff Empire was in control of Libya, which at the conviction was spilt up into three break opens. One part was around Tripoli called Tripolitania in the west. The second was around Banghazi called Cyrenaica in the east. The third was in the southwest part of the country called Fezzan. Over the next 90 geezerhood Libya would see it shares of rulers and bloodshed. whatever important factors that have helped Libya become the country it is today were the creation of the Sanusiyah conglutination and their resistance against the Italians, Italian colonialism from 1911 to WWII, Libya gaining its independence, and the disc all overy of anoint in the bare-ass-fashioned 1950s. So much has happened to Libya in the last 90 years, which has developed a unique history that involves a country over coming appropriation and leading up to Libya becoming an independent country.The Ottoman Empire had been in control of Libya since the 16th century. The Karamanli dynasty ruled the area around Libya, Algeria, and Tunisia from 1711 to 1835. Over the 124 years they were in power there were many rulers, but it was not until the Ottoman decided to review how that area was being run and decided to diversity to control to include officials from Istanbul and limited that areas modernization so that it was the same with the roost of the empire.One of the most important events in Libyan history was the make-up of the Sanusiyah brotherhood in 1837. This brotherhood was an Islamic order that preached a stricter dramatis personae of Islam. The Sanusiyah would give people help and tell others how things should be done. This gave all the new followers a feeling of unity. The original meeting plac e of the Sanusiyah was in the ruins of Cyrene in eastern Cyrenaica, but was moved to the oasis of Jaghbub near Egypt. The give out was called the Grand Sanusi. His son took over in 1895 and tried to gain influence southward in the oasis of Al-Kufrah. The Ottomans noticed this and did not intervene, but elapse their eye the situation. In 1902 Italy saw that the British and the French were not that concerned in Libya. They gave their blessings for the Italians to pursue the... ...on sites that were claimed to be terrorist centers. One of the sites was Qaddafis home and his juvenility daughter was killed. The major part of the damage was done to other forces sites. When things could not get any worse between Libya and the U.S., it was discovered that Libya power be making chemical weapons. This led to the U.S. impose sanctions against Libya.Libya has had a well-to-do and extensive history in the last 90 years. It is clear that Libya is a country that has developed from depending on other countries to being a country that is in charge of how it is run. Libya has really grown by producing and exporting oil. The oil was a key factor in getting Libya on its feet. like a shot many people visit Libya to see how this country has developed over the last 90 years. Works Citied Chapin Metz, Helen. Libya A Country Study. U.S.A. Secretary of the Army, 1989.Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Libya. Microsoft Corporation, 1996.Wright, John. Libya. unite States of America Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. 1969.Wright, John. Libya, Chad, And The Central Sahara. U.S.A. Barnes & Noble Books, 1989.

Biological Rights Essay -- essays research papers

Biological RightsWhat is a enkindle? A parent is someone who will love and nurture a child, and help mold it into the go around that child can be. At least that is what society would like to believe. If someone adopts a child, does that make him or her any less of a parent? Is it not possible that they will love that child more then its biological parent could? Unfortunately, once adoption is final some biological parents try to fight for their child back. This can only bring perplexity into the childs life period. Tearing a child apart from the parents it knows, is a cruel, unhealthy and immoral act.Every state has their own tidy sum of laws concerning adoption. The one part that each state varies the most is the Waiting terminus. The Waiting Period begins when both sets of parents sign papers signifying the beginning of the adoption. Typically, the postponement period ends six months after the child is placed in the home. The brief decree is replaced by a final one. The most important give birth of this decree is that it is final. The biological parents now have no legal human relationship to the child.Bolles 94 Some biological parents, however, just do not take that. They fight to get their child back, that they so willingly gave up. They dont care about the feelings of the child, only their personal fills that they feel the need to satisfy. Children are compared to property rather then a person.Bolles 36 These children, who live with the adoptive parents, who are now in ...

Baldwin Blames Mistreatment of Black Veterans for Increasing Racial Unr

Baldwin Blames Mistreatment of Black Veterans for Increasing Racial agitation edifice a chemise against racial injustice, Baldwin describes how many shadowys joined the U.S. soldiers and were displace to fight in Europe during World War II, although the battles they returned to at category were sometimes worse than the war itself. In ?Down at the Cross,? Baldwin zeroes in on the dissimilitude against disgraceful veterans as the final sport causing many of them to hate their own country and become militant against whites. diachronic accounts gener whollyy support his argument, even though Baldwin doesn?t come up to to a few important points that differ from his personal perspectives on this issue. Overall, Baldwin builds a concentrated case for the need for social change in the States to wash come out of the closet this type of racial outrage, especially in the case of black war veterans. Baldwin contends that ?a certain hope died? when black veter ans were greeted with disdain by whites when they returned from the war instead of the praise and thanks that they deserved (Baldwin 317). From his observations, this was a transgress that had been festering for many years and it was something that had been eating at the magnetic core and soul of the black population since the end of World War II. This was much(prenominal) a terrible insult to blacks that it added fuel to the rage that was growing all crossways the country, and Baldwin explains that blacks finally felt they had taken too much exclaim and that things were issue to change ? one way or the other. To summarize his argument, Baldwin reasons it out that if a person is willing to risk his or her life for their country, the very least they should expect is for their country to treat them with the respect they have gain and non as se... ...ry. Baldwin?s essay is, on the whole, true to the facts and feelings in the States at that particular period in time as black veterans returned home to face a new battle against racial discrimination in their homeland.Works CitedBaldwin, James. ?Down at the Cross.? 1955. James Baldwin lay in Essays. Ed. ToniMorrison. reinvigorated York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Fournier, Winston C. ?Desegregated Jobs.? The Wall Street Journal 3 April 1956 1, 10.Huachuca Illustrated, Vol. 2 wind vane Page (1996). Retrieved March 2, 2004 from http//www.lib.byu.edu/rdh/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI2-09.htm27.Lee, Ulysses. (1966). The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC U.S. brass Printing Office.Murphy, Carl. (1944). This Is Our War. Atlanta Daily World, pp. 5-12.Wynn, Mike. ?We Were There.? The Augusta Chronicle 2 kinfolk 2001 1-14. Baldwin Blames Mistreatment of Black Veterans for Increasing Racial Unr Baldwin Blames Mistreatment of Black Veterans for Increasing Racial Unrest Building a case against racial injustice, Baldwin describes how many blacks joined the U.S. militar y and were sent to fight in Europe during World War II, although the battles they returned to at home were sometimes worse than the war itself. In ?Down at the Cross,? Baldwin zeroes in on the discrimination against black veterans as the final blow causing many of them to hate their own country and become militant against whites. Historical accounts generally support his argument, even though Baldwin doesn?t speak to a few important points that differ from his personal perspectives on this issue. Overall, Baldwin builds a strong case for the need for social change in America to wipe out this type of racial outrage, especially in the case of black war veterans. Baldwin contends that ?a certain hope died? when black veterans were greeted with contempt by whites when they returned from the war instead of the praise and thanks that they deserved (Baldwin 317). From his observations, this was a wound that had been festering for many years and it was something that had been eat ing at the heart and soul of the black population since the end of World War II. This was such a terrible insult to blacks that it added fuel to the rage that was growing all across the country, and Baldwin explains that blacks finally felt they had taken too much abuse and that things were going to change ? one way or the other. To summarize his argument, Baldwin reasons it out that if a person is willing to risk his or her life for their country, the very least they should expect is for their country to treat them with the respect they have earned and not as se... ...ry. Baldwin?s essay is, on the whole, true to the facts and feelings in America at that particular period in time as black veterans returned home to face a new battle against racial discrimination in their homeland.Works CitedBaldwin, James. ?Down at the Cross.? 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. ToniMorrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.Fournier, Winston C. ?Desegregated Jobs.? The Wall Street Jo urnal 3 April 1956 1, 10.Huachuca Illustrated, Vol. 2 Web Page (1996). Retrieved March 2, 2004 from http//www.lib.byu.edu/rdh/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI2-09.htm27.Lee, Ulysses. (1966). The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Murphy, Carl. (1944). This Is Our War. Atlanta Daily World, pp. 5-12.Wynn, Mike. ?We Were There.? The Augusta Chronicle 2 September 2001 1-14.

Are Zoos Necessary Essay -- Animals Wildlife Papers

Are menageries NecessaryAs a child I can remember when I misbe confused the absolute whip penalty my p arents could inflict I would be banished to my bedroom, the length of time depending on the seriousness of the crime. It seemed that every possible want and desire I had piece of music being punished was related to an activity just outside the curb of that bedroom. The hours seemed like days and the time spent locked in my room was unbearable. When I look back on those torturous days of my childhood, I cant view what the big deal was. If I hadnt been punished, most likely I belike would have spent my free time in my bedroom anyway. Who was I kidding, locked in a room with a TV set, all of my toys and laughable books, who could possibly consider being confined to this habitat as punishment? While I wasnt confined for more than a day or two or put on display for other kids in the neighborhood to observe, I can see a resemblance to the animals that are locked up in their rooms a t the zoo. While their rooms have most of the same things as their natural habitats, it is the thought that they do non get to leave after Mom or Dad has last broken down and absolved them of their crime. This is their life for the foreseeable future. They havent misbehaved and they certainly did zip worthy of being punished for. What right do we have to observe our authority over other non-human species? Shouldnt animals be afforded the same basic rights as you and I? It is my belief that despite their professed concern for animals, zoos remain more collections of provoke items than actual havens or simulated habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to conserve animals in captivity, bored, cramped, lonely and far from their n... ...undation 2000. Born Free Foundation < www.bornfree.org.uk embrown JHS Virtual Zoo. March 1998. Clark County School District.< www.ccsd.net/schools/brown/zoo/index.html Fritsch, Jane Elephants in internment A Dark Side, LA Times 5 O ct. 1998McKenna, Virginia. Beyond the Bars, 1987Peta run Alerts. June 2000. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals www.peta-online.orgSmith, Val & Kimberly. Personal Interview. 27 July 2000.World unspecific Words. Ed. 2000. Michael B. Quinion. www.quinion.comWise, Steven, Rattling the Cage Toward Legal Rights For Animals. New York Perseus, 2000. Zoo Animals To Go. June 2000. Mecury Center <www.mercurycenter.com Zoocheck. June 2000. Zoocheck Canada < www.zoocheck.com Zoo in the Wild Editrice del Vascello. 2000 Editrice de Vascello<http//www.naturalia.org/ZOO/welcome.html